The representation of the electron density distribution of molecules in this animation varies according to the rainbow. The most electron-rich region is red; the most electron-poor region is blue.

1. To start the animations click-on the elements that you will react. Select the following pairs of reactants and pay attention to the reactions taking place:

Li and F, Li and N, Na and O, Mg and Br, Ca and O.

1. List three characteristics that these reactions have in common. Explain your answer.

1.__________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________

Explanation:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. Which elements from the previous reactions gave up electrons? Which received electrons? Is this what you expected? Explain your answer.

Elements that gave up electrons: ___________________________________________

Elements that accepted electrons: ___________________________________________

Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. Select the following pairs of reactants and observe the reactions taking place.

N and H, S and O, P and Cl, F and H, C and O.

1. List three characteristics that these reactions have in common. Explain your answer.

1.__________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________

Explanation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. Which elements from the previous reactions gave up electrons? Which received electrons? Is this what you expected? Explain your answer.

Elements that gave up electrons: ___________________________________________

Elements that accepted electrons: ___________________________________________

Explanation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Definitions:

Ionic bond: Electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound

Covalent bond: A bond in which two electrons are shared by two atoms

3. Classify the type of bonds formed in the products, from questions 1 and 2, as ionic or covalent.

Li and F _______________________

Li and N _______________________

Na and O _______________________

Mg and Br _______________________

Ca and O _______________________

Na and H _______________________

S and O _______________________

P and O _______________________

F and H _______________________

C and O _______________________

Definitions:

Polar covalent bond: when electrons spend more time in the vicinity of one atom than the other.

Electronegativity: the ability of an atom to attract toward itself the electrons in a chemical bond.

Remember, the most electron-rich (i.e. electronegative) region is red; the most electron-poor region is blue.

4. Mix the following elements and carefully look at the product formed. F and H, Cl and Cl, C and O, N and H.
1. Write an equation for each of the reactions that took place.

F and H ______________________________________________

Cl and Cl ______________________________________________

C and O ______________________________________________

N and H ______________________________________________

2. Indicate if the bonds are ionic, polar covalent, or non-polar covalent.

Type of bond(s) for F and H ______________________________________________

Type of bond(s) for Cl and Cl ______________________________________________

Type of bond(s) for C and O ______________________________________________

Type of bond(s) for N and H ______________________________________________

3. Indicate where the partial positive charge is located.

Partial positive charge for F and H _______________________________________

Partial positive charge for Cl and Cl _______________________________________

Partial positive charge for C and O _______________________________________

Partial positive charge for N and H _______________________________________

4. Indicate where the partial negative charge is located.

Partial negative charge for F and H _______________________________________

Partial negative charge for Cl and Cl _______________________________________

Partial negative charge for C and O _______________________________________

Partial negative charge for N and H _______________________________________